c. 2,600 BCE
Technology
Egypt
The Great Pyramid engineering
Precise quarrying, levelling and logistics for 2.3 million limestone blocks.
Why it mattered
Demonstrated planning, surveying and labour organisation at unprecedented scale.
Bronze Age
2,600 BCE
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 2,600 BCE
Society
South Asia
Standardised weights of the Indus
Harappan cities used precisely graded chert cubes in a binary-decimal system.
Why it mattered
Enabled fair, impersonal trade across a vast urban network.
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Nearby in the record
c. 2,800 BCEMedicine
Ebers and Edwin Smith surgical practice
Egypt
c. 2,700 BCETransportation
Sewn-plank seagoing ships
Egypt
c. 2,500 BCEMedicine
Indus urban sanitation
Indus Valley
c. 2,500 BCECommunication
Cuneiform accounting and schools
Mesopotamia
c. 2,400 BCEScience
The abacus
Mesopotamia
c. 2,400 BCESociety
Urukagina's reforms
Mesopotamia