c. 4,000 BCE
Transportation
Mesopotamia and Europe
The wheel
Solid wooden potter's wheels and then wheeled carts appear in Mesopotamia and the Carpathians.
Why it mattered
Continuous rotary motion: the foundation of transport, milling and machinery.
Stone Age
4,000 BCE
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 4,000 BCE
Transportation
Central Asia
Horse domestication on the steppe
Botai communities in northern Kazakhstan corralled, milked and bridled horses.
Why it mattered
Compressed the distances of Eurasia for the next five thousand years.
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Nearby in the record
c. 4,500 BCEAgriculture
Teff domestication in Ethiopia
Horn of Africa
c. 3,500 BCETransportation
Sailing ships
Egypt and Mesopotamia
c. 3,500 BCETechnology
Cotton spinning in the Indus
South Asia
c. 3,300 BCETechnology
Bronze alloying
Southwest Asia
c. 3,300 BCEMedicine
Otzi's toolkit and tattoos
Alps
3,200 BCECommunication
Cuneiform writing
Sumer