c. 500 BCE
Technology
China
Cast iron
Chinese furnaces reach temperatures that liquefy iron for casting into moulds.
Why it mattered
Mass production of ploughshares, pots and later cannon, 1,500 years before Europe.
Antiquity
500 BCE
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 500 BCE
Science
South Asia
Panini's grammar of Sanskrit
Panini specified a language with about 4,000 ordered rules of extraordinary economy.
Why it mattered
A formal generative system anticipating modern linguistics and computing.
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