c. 1250
Medicine
Italy
Spectacles
Ground convex lenses in frames correct farsightedness in Italian workshops.
Why it mattered
Extended the working life of every scholar and craftsman.
Middle Ages
1250
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 1250
Science
Persia
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and the Maragha observatory
A state-funded observatory produced planetary models later echoed by Copernicus.
Why it mattered
Institutional, instrument-heavy astronomy before Europe.
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Nearby in the record
1206Technology
Al-Jazari's automata and crank-connecting rod
Anatolia
c. 1206Communication
Mongol relay post and Pax Mongolica
Central Asia
1215Society
Magna Carta
England
c. 1280Technology
Mechanical clock in monasteries
Europe
c. 1300Technology
Blast furnace in Europe
Europe
c. 1300Warfare
Ottoman and European cannon
Eurasia