1543
Science
Poland
Heliocentric astronomy
Copernicus places the Sun at the centre of the planetary system.
Why it mattered
Displaced Earth from the centre of creation and started modern astronomy.
Renaissance
1543
3 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
1543
Medicine
Flanders and Italy
Modern anatomy
Vesalius publishes De humani corporis fabrica from direct dissection.
Why it mattered
Observation replaced ancient authority in medicine.
1543
Warfare
Japan
Portuguese arquebuses reach Japan
Matchlocks landed at Tanegashima and were mass-produced within a decade.
Why it mattered
Transformed Japanese warfare and unified the country under gun-armed armies.
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Nearby in the record
c. 1500Agriculture
Chinampa agriculture at Tenochtitlan
Mesoamerica
c. 1518Agriculture
Columbian Exchange of crops
Atlantic
1522Exploration
First circumnavigation
Global
1545Medicine
Ambroise Pare and humane surgery
France
1569Transportation
Mercator projection
Low Countries
1582Society
Gregorian calendar reform
Italy