c. 400
Warfare
China and Central Asia
Stirrup
A foot support that anchors a rider, enabling shock cavalry.
Why it mattered
Reshaped warfare and, some argue, the social order of feudalism.
Antiquity
400
3 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 400
Technology
South Asia
Iron pillar of Delhi
A seven-metre wrought iron column has resisted corrosion for sixteen centuries.
Why it mattered
Evidence of exceptional Indian metallurgical control.
c. 400
Science
Egypt
Hypatia and Alexandrian mathematics
Teaching and commentary on conics, astronomy and the astrolabe.
Why it mattered
One of the best documented women in ancient science.
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Nearby in the record
c. 300Science
Maya calendar and astronomy
Mesoamerica
c. 300Transportation
Camel caravans cross the Sahara
Sahara
c. 350Communication
Codex replaces the scroll
Mediterranean
476Science
Aryabhata's astronomy and trigonometry
South Asia
c. 500Agriculture
Heavy mouldboard plough
Northern Europe
c. 500Technology
Wootz crucible steel
South Asia