c. 1300
Technology
Europe
Blast furnace in Europe
Taller furnaces with water-powered bellows produce liquid iron.
Why it mattered
Iron output rose from kilograms to tonnes per day.
Middle Ages
1300
3 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
c. 1300
Warfare
Eurasia
Ottoman and European cannon
Gunpowder artillery moved from tubes and bombards to siege-breaking guns.
Why it mattered
Rendered high medieval walls obsolete and centralised state power.
c. 1300
Technology
Europe and Asia
Spinning wheel with treadle
Foot power freed both hands and multiplied yarn output.
Why it mattered
A bottleneck broken in textile production.
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