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Iron Age

1,000 BCE

2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.

c. 1,000 BCE
Society
Near East

Coinage precursors and standard weights

Fixed silver weights circulate as money across the Near East.

Why it mattered

Abstract, transferable value made complex trade possible.

c. 1,000 BCE
Technology
West Africa

Iron working at Nok and the Great Lakes

Sub-Saharan smiths built shaft furnaces producing steel-grade bloom iron.

Why it mattered

An independent African iron tradition with distinctive high-temperature furnaces.

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