Iron Age
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
City-states such as Tyre, Sidon and Byblos built cedar ships and ran regular routes across the Mediterranean, trading dye, glass, timber and metals.
Why it mattered
Phoenician shipping carried the alphabet west and made the Mediterranean a single commercial world.
Chinese foundries cast sets of two-tone bells whose pitch was controlled by wall thickness and profile, allowing precise musical scales.
Why it mattered
The bells encode an early mathematical theory of pitch and show casting tolerances unmatched elsewhere at the time.
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Anatolia and Levant
Mesoamerica
Eastern Mediterranean
Arabia
China
Near East