Iron Age
2 recorded milestones at this point in the record.
City-states such as Tyre, Sidon and Byblos built cedar ships and ran regular routes across the Mediterranean, trading dye, glass, timber and metals.
Why it mattered
Phoenician shipping carried the alphabet west and made the Mediterranean a single commercial world.
The one-humped dromedary was domesticated in Arabia for transport, letting caravans cross deserts that had blocked wheeled traffic.
Why it mattered
It opened incense and spice routes linking southern Arabia to the Levant and Mesopotamia.
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China
China
Near East
West Africa
South Asia
Central Europe